2.1 Boot Sequence Overview
BIOS->MBR(bootloader)->Kernel->init
2.2 BIOS Initialization
2.3 Boot Loader
Install within a drive's Master Boot Record
Install within a partition's boot sector
Boot Loader载入MBR(446bytes) on device->GRUB->select linux or windows
2.4 GRUB and grub.conf
2.4.1 GRUB-the GRand Unified Bootloder
Command-line interface available at boot prompt
Boot from ext2/ext3,ReiserFS,JFS,FAT,minix,or FFS filesystems
2.4.2 /boot/grub/grub.conf grub配置文件
2.4.3 Changes on grub.conf will go into effect immediately
2.4.4 If MBR on /dev/had is corrupted,reinstall the first stage bootloader
with:/sbin/grub-install/dev/hda
2.5 Starting the Boot Process:GRUB
2.6 Kernel Initialization
Kernel boot time functions
Device detection
Device driver initializtion
Mounts root filesystem as read only
Loads initial process(init)
2.7 init Initialization
init reads its config:/etc/inittab
initial run level
system initialization scripts
run level specific script directories
trap certain key sequences
define UPS power fail/restore scripts
generate gettys on virtual consoles
initialize X in run level5
2.8 Run levels
Run Level 1: init->/etc/rc.sysinit->/etc/rc1.d/*
Run Level S: init->/etc/rc.sysinit
Run Level emergency:init->some/etc/rc.sysinit
Please see /etc/inittab for all run level description
the default in /etc/inittab
2.9 /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
Important tasks include:
Active udev(USB) and selinux
Set kernel parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf
Sets the system clock
Loads keymaps
Enables swap partitions
Sets hostname
Root filesystem check and remount
Active RAID and LVM devices
Enable disk quotas
Check and mount other filesystem
Cleans up stale locks and PID files
2.10 /etc/rc.d/rc
/etc/rc.d/rc 3 执行/etc/rc.d/rc3.d
2.11 Daemon Processes
所有以.d结尾的名称都是Daemon,后台执行。
A daemon process is a program that is run in the background,providing somesystem
service
Two types of daemons:
Standalone:user ask for some service->Standalone provide service by self
Enable from init
System V Daemon:example httpd
Transient: user ask for some service->Xinetd->Transient provide
2.12 System V Script
Run level defines which services to start
Each run level has a corresponding directory
The System V init scripts reside in:
/etc/rc.d/init.d
Symbolic links int the run level directories call the init.d scripts with a
start or stop argument
2.13 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
Run after the run level specific scripts
2.14 Virtual consoles
Defind in /etc/inittab
Accessed with Ctrl-Alt-F_key
2.15 Controlling Services
Utilities to control default service startup
ntsysv:a console-base interactive utility
chkconfig: a fast,versatile command line utility
Utilities to control services manually
service:immediately start or stop a standalone service
chkconfig:immediately starts and stops xinetd-managed services
2.16 System Shutdown
Shutting down the system
shutdown -h now :shutdown -h 22:00
halt
poweroff
init 0
2.17 System Reboot
Rebooting the system
shutdown -r now
reboot
init 6
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