3.1 Kernel Modules
Modular kernel components
Components that need not be resident in the kernel for all configurations and hardware
peripheral device drivers
supplementary filesystems
Modules configurable at load time
/lib/modules
Controlling modules
lsmod查看已经装入的module,modprobe加载module
Kernel Tainting If a module with a proprietary license is inserted into kernel,it becomes tainted
Red Hat will not support tainted kernels
3.2 Kernel Module Configuration
Module examination:/sbin/modinfo 查看已装入module信息 例:modinfo ipv6会列出ipv6 module详细信息
parameters,license
Module Configuration:/etc/modprobe.conf 设定module载入和动作
aliases,parameters,actions
Module Dependencies:modules.dep,depmod module相依性
Manual Control:insmod,rmmod 载入/移除 module
3.3 The /proc filesystem
/proc is a virtual filesystem containing information about the running kernel
Contents of "files" under /proc may be viewed using cat
Example :cat /proc/cpuinfo 查看cpu状态
Provides information on system hardware,netwrking settings and activity,memory usage,and more
/proc subdirectories
/proc/scsi/ scsi设备资料
/proc/sys kernel参数
/proc/<PID> 执行中程序的资料
The /proc/sys subdirectory allows administrators to modify certain parameters of a running kernel
3.4 /proc/sys configuration with sysctl
/proc/sys modifications are temporary and not saved at system shutdown
The sysctl command manages such settings in a static and centralized fashion: /etc/sysctl.conf
use sysctl -p views /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl is called at boot time by rc.sysinit and uses settings in /etc/sysctl.conf
3.5 General hardware Resources
dmesg and /var/log/dmesg
kernel->klogd->ring buffer->/var/log/dmesg
kudzu
/etc/sysconfig/hwconf
/usr/share/hwdata
/proc filesystem
hwbrowser 图形显示
3.6 System Bus Support
PCI Bus
/sbin/lspci
/proc/bus/pci/
ISA Bus
/proc/isapnp/
3.7 HotsWappable Bus Support
USB and IEEE 1394 Buses
/sbin/hotplug,(/etc/hotplug/)
Information in /proc/bus/ subdirectories
/sbin/lsusb 列出usb设备
USB devices in /dev/usb/
3.8 System Monitoring and Process Control
top,gnome-system-monitor display
vmstat:reports virtual memory stats
free: summary of system memory usage
renice: change priority of a process renice <priority> <PID>
kill : send system signal to a process
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